Dentre os benefícios proporcionados por meio do uso de probióticos na alimentação de suínos, a abordagem mais difundida gira em torno da modulação da microbiota intestinal e sistema imune, em adição, atualmente discute-se bastante sobre seus efeitos no eixo intestino-cérebro. Além da busca constante por melhoria de índices zootécnicos, a inclusão dos probióticos na suinocultura moderna está correlacionada com resistência a desafios sanitários, biodisponibilidade de nutrientes e bem-estar animal. Fatores estes, que ainda não tiveram suas vias de ação totalmente compreendidas. À nível de microbiota intestinal os probióticos podem atuar principalmente por exclusão competitiva e/ou inibição antimicrobiana direta. Entende-se que à nível de resposta imune no hospedeiro, existem vias de regulação, estimulação e modulação das respostas imunológicas. Tratando-se da relação probióticos e eixo intestino-cérebro, sugere-se que a capacidade de modular cepas presentes na microbiota, permitiria o estímulo para a produção de determinados neuroquímicos que afetariam o comportamento animal, acarretando no aumento do bem-estar. Conclui-se que os probióticos podem agir de diversas maneiras quando adicionados na dieta de suínos, tornando-se necessário o estudo de cada uma dessas formas separadamente para que seja possível englobar seus diversos fatores. Os efeitos dos probióticos para espécie suína podem depender das características do ambiente em que o mesmo está inserido e também da individualidade do próprio animal.
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